Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - allowed and prohibited foods, menu

Allergy is an urgent problem of a modern person. It is a kind of response of the body to the action of special substances called allergens. A person encounters them by breathing, eating, or in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of treatment and prevention is a diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for people with allergies, but also for nursing mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet

In medicine, allergy is a condition characterized by increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. Even with minimal contact of a person with an allergen, a large amount of IgE is produced. The mechanism of the formation of an allergic reaction:

1. Immunoglobulin IgE, after the first contact with the allergen, detects it and combines with mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is a complex. It consists of an allergen, IgE and a mast cell or basophil.
3. The basophilic complex with the bloodstream enters different organs: skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and with mast cells it remains motionless.
4. After returning to the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are needed to combat the irritant.

Histamine and serotonin cause allergic reactions: spasms of smooth muscles and expansion of capillaries, which leads to thickening of the blood and edema. Since allergies are often caused by food, a diet should be included in the treatment regimen, in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs used in the breeding of birds and animals (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products containing cross and causal allergens;
• eat only fresh produce;
• rejection of histaminolibrators - products that cause the secretion of histamine by the gastrointestinal tract from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restriction in the diet of animal proteins;
• exclusion of canned goods and products containing colorings, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried, spicy and salty foods, alcohol;
• rejection of histamine carriers - foods with a high level of histamine in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For people with allergies, there is a special diet - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic regimen No. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is sufficient for the final disappearance of allergic manifestations. In the future, the scheme is built taking into account the following principles:

• When the symptoms start to subside, you can switch from allergenic foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet to foods with moderate allergenic activity.
• First, low-fat boiled white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compotes are introduced.
• Throughout the diet, food is boiled or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• Nutrition should be complete in terms of protein, fat and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new diet product is introduced no more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction, you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal nutritional option is fractional, in which the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates are totally prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin, or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, all causally significant allergens should be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melon, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, fermented dairy products.
• All dishes containing an allergenic product are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if a reaction manifests itself in eggs, you should abandon creams, mayonnaise, casseroles and products rich in flour.

Indications

Weight loss diets are not only effective for food allergies. A special diet allows to reduce the influence of allergens and other groups (medicinal, fungal, pollen, household). With diet, a person reduces the risk of increased clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• angioedema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• urticaria;
• pathologies of the digestive tract, in which the process of nutrient assimilation is disturbed;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hay fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first courses, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. It should be weak, that is, after 1-2 boils, the water is drained. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as an accompaniment in the form of mashed potatoes, but only cooked in water. From fermented dairy products, you can use low-fat fresh cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fats, you need to introduce sunflower or olive oil into the diet. Pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Proteins per 100 g, g
Vegetables, herbs
Aubergine	24	0, 1	4. 5	1, 2
Courgette	24	0, 3	4. 6	0, 6
Cucumbers	15	0, 1	2. 8	0, 8
Cabbage	27	0, 1	0, 1	1, 8
Squash	19	0, 1	4. 3	0, 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	30
Celery	12	0, 1	2. 1	0, 9
Lentils	284	1. 5	42, 7	24. 0
Garlic	143	0, 5	29, 9	6. 5
Asparagus	twenty	0, 1	3. 1	1. 9
Onion	41	0. 0	10. 4	1. 4
Beans	123	0, 5	21, 5	7. 8
Cereals
groats	342	6. 1	59, 5	12. 3
Buckwheat	313	3. 3	62, 1	12. 6
Bran	296	3. 8	53, 6	15. 1
Semolina	328	1, 0	73, 3	10. 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69, 3	11. 9
Fruits
Peaches	46	0, 1	11. 3	0, 9
Nectarines	48	0, 2	11. 8	0, 9
Apples	47	0, 4	9. 8	0, 4
Pears	42	0, 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0, 1	3. 8	30
Kefir 1%	40	1, 0	4. 0	2. 8
Curd 0. 6%	88	0, 6	1, 8	18, 0
Me at
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0. 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1, 0	0. 0	25, 0
Boiled beef	254	16, 8	0. 0	25, 8
Beef stew	232	18. 3	0. 0	16, 8
A fish
Wade	90	30	0. 0	15. 7
Halibut	103	30	0. 0	18, 9
Cod	69	0, 6	0. 0	16, 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0, 8
Beverages
Rosehip juice	70	0. 0	17. 6	0, 1

Prohibited foods

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broths. It is also necessary to refuse a hypoallergenic diet from fatty varieties of red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk and most types of sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same goes for all salty foods, pickles, preserves. The ban also includes:

• Currant;
• lemons, mangoes, grapes, grapefruits, pomegranates, bananas, oranges, tangerines;
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, salad peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jams, candies, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, pork fat;
• semi-finished fish and preserves, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• butter margarine, coconut and palm oils;
• white dessert and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liqueur;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help relieve allergies while on a hypoallergenic diet. In it, you can record the foods or meals used for the diet and the reaction to them. As a result, it will be possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. Plus, a diary makes it easier to track the diversity of your diet. This is important because scientists have found that with the same menu, the likelihood of developing allergies is higher. In the newspaper, you can prescribe several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For kids

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is built according to the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference - with long-term adherence to such a diet, there is a high risk of protein, carbohydrate and micronutrient deficiency. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used depending on the state of health for 7-10 days only for departure. Then the doctor selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Diet menu option	Breakfast	Having dinner	Having dinner
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apple, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed meat cutlet with stewed vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with potato compote, tea.
2	Oatmeal in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage salad and cucumber.	Steamed beef balls with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean veal, berry jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, adults can follow it longer - up to 2-3 weeks. The menu in both cases has practically no difference, since the same list of anti-allergic products is used for its construction. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu option	Breakfast	Having dinner	Having dinner
1	Mashed buckwheat porridge, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steamed chicken cutlets, vegetable soup, rosehip broth.	Dressing, tea with diet biscuits.
2	Semolina porridge on water, low-fat fresh cottage cheese, apple juice with biscuit.	Meat chops, vegetable soup with wheat porridge, cookie tea.	Mashed peas, meatballs.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Veal cutlets, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cutlets, rosehip broth.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The basic principle for choosing recipes is that ready-made meals should have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such preparation methods help to reduce the allergenic activity of the ingredients used. Fruits and vegetables are also best eaten raw, but cooked or baked.

First of all

Soups are mainly included in the list of hypoallergenic first dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to soak it in cold water. It takes a few hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. Soup broth should be the second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. Thus, the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat grains

The peculiarity of this soup is a special ingredient - celery. Dishes containing it are often found in different diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are manifested not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little heat to the dish.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0, 5-1 pieces;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat porridge (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• water - 1. 5-1. 6 l;
• potato tubers - 3 pcs. ;
• dill or other green vegetables - 1 branch;
• garlic clove - 2 pcs.

Cooking mode :

1. Boil water, immerse the bulgur in it.
2. Then cut the peeled potatoes and add them to the broth.
3. Peel the onion, finely chop it, add it to the rest of the ingredients.
4. Rinse the celery, soak it in the broth.
5. After boiling again, reduce the heat.
6. Simmer 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Take out some of the potatoes, mash them and turn them over.
8. Rinse the cabbage leaves, pat dry, chop them and put them in an almost ready-made soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the greens and garlic cloves, season the soup with them.

Potato noodle soup

This dish requires a minimum of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in the broth practically do not make themselves felt, because they are boiled. Due to the fact that the vegetable is placed at the very beginning of cooking, the meat turns out very tasty. It is okay to substitute the chicken for lean beef, but this will make the soup a bit fatter and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook.

Ingredients:

• small onion - 1 piece;
• greens - to your liking;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium vermicelli - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4-5 pcs. . ;
• water - 4 l.

Cooking mode :

1. Pour the meat washed well with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour the same amount of water again, boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion from the shell, finely chop it, add it to the broth.
5. Reduce the heat to low, cook for 30 to 40 minutes until the meat is ready, then take it out, cut it into pieces and send it back.
6. Cook the vermicelli separately in lightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent the broth from becoming cloudy due to the sediment.
7. Peel, rinse and cut the potatoes. Dip the slices in the broth, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main dishes are also vegetables or meat. Cutlets, meatballs, meatballs and meatballs are mostly steamed. The meat can be mashed, goulash, and even beef stroganoff or soufflé. In the recipe for the last dish, minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, yolk and whipped whites. Soufflé is already suitable at the stage when you begin to gradually introduce food with a moderate degree of allergenicity. Vegetables can be served as an accompaniment to meat, but they are only cooked, boiled or baked, as frying increases the allergy of the ingredients.

Cabbage and zucchini soup

The advantage of mashed soup is a smooth and homogeneous consistency, due to which the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such recipes, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. An unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore associated with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pcs. ;
• onion head - 1 piece;
• celery - 5-7 stalks;
• parsley - 1-2 branches;
• water or weak vegetable broth - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low-fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking mode :

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, then rinse the vegetables, including celery.
2. Cut the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same with the zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Place all the vegetables in the bottom of a saucepan and cover with water. Boil, simmer until ingredients are tender.
4. Then cool, transfer to a blender bowl, beat until smooth.
5. Return the mass to the pan, add sour cream, simmer over low heat for a few minutes.
6. When ready to serve, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Steamed dumplings

The knees are understood as one of the types of dumplings - small dumplings prepared from minced meat of fish, poultry or other meats. The difference between dumpling mass and chop mass is that it is softer and more tender. For this reason, the dumplings are more suitable for children and hypoallergenic diets. Another feature of such a dish is steaming, due to which the meat retains more vitamins. Plus, steam soaks are easier on the stomach to digest.

Ingredients:

• skimmed milk - 2 tbsp;
• egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking mode :

1. Soak the bread in half of the whole portion of milk, leave for half an hour.
2. At this time, chop the meat in a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, add to the minced meat, grind everything through a sieve.
4. Mix the resulting mass well, add egg whites.
5. Pour in the remaining milk.
6. Shape the minced meat into medium balls and place them in a steamer dish. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

Although sweets are prohibited on a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify your menu with goodies. You just need to cook them properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are made from fruit, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented dairy products are not acidic. A regular pear, cut into pieces or mashed, will add sweetness to them. Cottage cheese is the best base for a casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of permitted fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert of the latter. They are even combined with cottage cheese - it turns out tasty and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with a high degree of allergenic activity, it is not recommended to use them with a hypoallergenic diet, especially for children. The casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. Flour is also easy to replace with semolina, which will give the dish a dense consistency. To add a sweet taste, it is allowed to add hypoallergenic fruits to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, that is, after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pear - 3 pcs. ;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 teaspoon;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. I . ;
• kefir or yogurt without any additives - 3 tbsp. the.

Cooking mode :

1. Take a bowl, where to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereals, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash the pears, peel them, chop them finely.
4. Add the fruit to the curd mass, stir, transfer to a greased baking dish.
5. Send to the oven for half an hour. The optimum temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

It is the most popular and at the same time hypoallergenic diet dessert. Since allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruit, it can be baked in the oven. It will turn out not only tasty, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are cooked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so that the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. To make the dessert even more useful, you can stuff the fruits with cottage cheese. Don't just use recipes where honey has to be added to the inside of the apple.

Ingredients:

• apple - 3 pcs. ;
• sour cream with a low percentage of fat - 2 tbsp. I . ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking mode :

1. Rinse the apples, cut the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cut is formed.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place the fruits on a baking sheet, send to the oven for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.